Her er en kort smøre jeg skrev forleden
Adiponectin is 247 amino acid cytokine expressed in adipose tissue[155], and the levels appear to be somewhat dependent on total fat mass[156, 157], although a recent meta-study showed no general correlation between BMI and adiponectin levels[158]. In general, adiponectin levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, and low levels predict borderline metabolic abnormalities[159]. Low adiponectin is involved in low insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin treatment in affected animals shift fat content from liver and muscle to adipose tissue, thus restoring insulin sensitivity[160]. Surprisingly, adiponectin also appears to stimulate food intake through activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus[161]. It is also evident that weight loss increases adiponectin, especially when the weight loss is brought about with carbohydrate restriction[162].
155. Hu E, Liang P, Spiegelman BM: AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J Biol Chem 1996, 271(18):10697-10703.
156. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Miyagawa J, Hotta K, Shimomura I, Nakamura T, Miyaoka K et al: Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999, 257(1):79-83.
157. Carlson JJ, Turpin AA, Wiebke G, Hunt SC, Adams TD: Pre- and post- prandial appetite hormone levels in normal weight and severely obese women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009, 6:32.
158. Kuo SM, Halpern MM: Lack of association between body mass index and plasma adiponectin levels in healthy adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011, 35(12):1487-1494.
159. Baden MY, Yamada Y, Obata Y, Hosakawa Y, Saisho K, Tamba S, Yamamoto K, Umeda M, Furubayashi A, Tsukamoto Y et al: Serum adiponectin level is not only decreased in metabolic syndrome but also in borderline metabolic abnormalities. Nutrition and Diabetes 2011, 1:e18.
160. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, Mori Y, Ide T, Murakami K, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N et al: The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med 2001, 7(8):941-946.
161. Kubota N, Yano W, Kubota T, Yamauchi T, Itoh S, Kumagai H, Kozono H, Takamoto I, Okamoto S, Shiuchi T et al: Adiponectin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus and increases food intake. Cell Metab 2007, 6(1):55-68.
162. Summer SS, Brehm BJ, Benoit SC, D'Alessio DA: Adiponectin changes in relation to the macronutrient composition of a weight-loss diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011, 19(11):2198-2204.
Kig på 158 for en interessant graf over BMI vs. adiponectin.
Nogen andre studier der er kunne være interessante for adiponectin
Yang W, Lee W, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Matsuzawa Y, Chao C et al. Weight reduction increases plasma levels of an adipose-derived anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3815–3819.
Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Yamauchi T, Kubota T, Moroi M, Matsui J et al. Disruption of adiponectin causes insulin resistance and neointimal formation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:25863–25866.
Maeda N, Shimomura I, Kishida K, Nishizawa H, Matsuda M, Nagaretani H et al. Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30. Nat Med 2002; 8: 731–737.
Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto S, Ouchi N et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003; 23: 85–89.
Yatagai T, Nagasaka S, Taniguchi A, Fukushima M, Nakamura T, Kuroe A et al. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2003; 52: 1274–1278.
Li S, Shin H, Ding E, van Dam R. Adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2009; 302: 179–188.